{"id":1049,"date":"2023-09-19T09:11:08","date_gmt":"2023-09-19T09:11:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rse.is\/?p=1049"},"modified":"2023-09-19T09:17:35","modified_gmt":"2023-09-19T09:17:35","slug":"frelsisvisitalan-2023","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rse.is\/index.php\/2023\/09\/19\/frelsisvisitalan-2023\/","title":{"rendered":"Frelsisv\u00edsitalan 2023"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Fraser stofnunin (Fraser Institute) \u00ed Kanada hefur n\u00fa birt ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur <strong>al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legrar samanbur\u00f0arranns\u00f3knar \u00e1 efnahagslegu frelsi \u00ed heiminum<\/strong>. \u00dear kemur fram a\u00f0 \u00cdsland er \u00ed 14. s\u00e6ti \u00e1 lista 165 landa sem ranns\u00f3knin n\u00e6r til, en var \u00ed <strong>11. s\u00e6ti \u00e1ri\u00f0 2022<\/strong> og <strong>16. s\u00e6ti \u00e1ri\u00f0 2021<\/strong>. Sta\u00f0a \u00cdslands helgast einkum af sterkum lagalegum og p\u00f3lit\u00edskum innvi\u00f0um, r\u00edkri vernd eignarr\u00e9ttar, en \u00ed\u00feyngjandi regluverki \u00ed vi\u00f0skiptaumhverfi fyrirt\u00e6kja og \u00e1 vinnumarka\u00f0i \u00ed samanbur\u00f0i vi\u00f0 \u00f6nnur l\u00f6nd.&nbsp;Hlutfallslega mikil umsvif hins opinbera ra\u00f0a \u00cdslandi l\u00edka ne\u00f0ar \u00e1 lista.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Efnahagslegt frelsi er mest \u00ed Singap\u00far samkv\u00e6mt sk\u00fdrslunni, \u00fear \u00e1 eftir kemur Hong Kong, svo Sviss og N\u00fdja-Sj\u00e1land. \u00de\u00e1 koma Bandar\u00edkin, \u00cdrland, Danm\u00f6rk, \u00c1stral\u00eda, Bretland og Kanada \u00ed s\u00e6tum fr\u00e1 5 til 10. Af \u00f6\u00f0rum Nor\u00f0urlanda\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0um \u00fe\u00e1 deila Finnar og Sv\u00edar \u00ed 17. s\u00e6tinu, og Nor\u00f0menn verma \u00fea\u00f0 29.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u00e9 liti\u00f0 til st\u00e6rstu hagkerfanna eru helstu ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur: Bandar\u00edkin \u00ed 5. s\u00e6ti, Japan \u00ed 20. s\u00e6ti, \u00de\u00fdskaland er \u00ed 23. s\u00e6ti, Frakkland \u00ed 47. s\u00e6ti, \u00cdtal\u00eda \u00ed 53. s\u00e6ti, Mex\u00edk\u00f3 \u00ed 68. s\u00e6ti, Indland \u00ed 87. s\u00e6ti, Brasil\u00eda \u00ed 90. S\u00e6ti, R\u00fassland \u00ed 104. s\u00e6ti og K\u00edna \u00ed 111. s\u00e6ti. Botn listans verma svo S\u00fadan, S\u00fdrland, Simbabve og Venes\u00faela. (Athugi\u00f0 a\u00f0 har\u00f0stj\u00f3rnarr\u00edki eins og Nor\u00f0ur K\u00f3rea og K\u00faba er ekki ra\u00f0a\u00f0 h\u00e9r \u00fear sem g\u00f6gn eru ekki fyrir hendi.)&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;<br><strong>Hornsteinar efnahagslegs frelsis<\/strong>&nbsp;<br>Samkv\u00e6mt sk\u00fdrslunni eru hornsteinar efnahagslegs frelsis valfrelsi einstaklinga, vi\u00f0skiptafrelsi, samkeppnisfrelsi, sterkir lagalegir innvi\u00f0ir, a\u00f0gangur a\u00f0 traustum gjaldmi\u00f0li og vernd eignarr\u00e9ttar. V\u00edsitala atvinnufrelsis (index of economic freedom) r\u00e6\u00f0st af fimm meginsvi\u00f0um:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Umfangi opinbers reksturs, skatta og fyrirt\u00e6kja.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lagalegu umhverfi og fri\u00f0helgi eignarr\u00e9ttar.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A\u00f0gangi a\u00f0 traustum peningum.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Frelsi og \u00f6ryggi til al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legra vi\u00f0skipta.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reglubyr\u00f0i \u00e1 fj\u00e1rmagns- og vinnumarka\u00f0i og um fyrirt\u00e6ki.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Innan \u00feessara fimm meginsvi\u00f0a eru s\u00ed\u00f0an 25 \u00fe\u00e6ttir, en sumir \u00feeirra eru s\u00ed\u00f0an a\u00f0greindir \u00ed enn frekari undir\u00fe\u00e6tti. \u00cd heildina er v\u00edsitalan \u00fev\u00ed sett saman \u00far 45 a\u00f0greindum breytum. Hvert svi\u00f0, \u00fe\u00e1ttur og undir\u00fe\u00e1ttur eru s\u00ed\u00f0an m\u00e6lt \u00e1 kvar\u00f0a 0 til 10 sem hv\u00edlir \u00e1 dreifingu undirliggjandi gagna. S\u00ed\u00f0an eru undir\u00fe\u00e6ttirnir vegnir i me\u00f0alt\u00f6l, og sl\u00edkt hi\u00f0 sama gildir um \u00fe\u00e6ttina og a\u00f0 lokum um hin fimm meginsvi\u00f0, og til ver\u00f0ur gildi fyrir hvert land. L\u00f6ndum er s\u00ed\u00f0an ra\u00f0a\u00f0 eftir einkunn, sem segir til um \u00ed hva\u00f0a m\u00e6li \u00feau fylgja stefnu sem lei\u00f0ir til efnahagslegs frelsis.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Einkunnir \u00cdslands \u00ed lykilflokkum eru eftirfarandi: (\u00e1 skalanum 1-10 \u00fear sem h\u00e6rri tala bendir til meira efnahagslegs frelsis.)&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Umfang hins opinbera: Einkunnin h\u00e6kkar \u00far 5,74 \u00ed 5,98 fr\u00e1 fyrra \u00e1ri. \u00cdsland er \u00ed 117. s\u00e6ti \u00ed \u00feessum flokki.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lagaumhverfi og vernd eignarr\u00e9ttar: Einkunnin er 8,77 og l\u00e6kkar l\u00edtillega \u00far 8,78 fr\u00e1 fyrra \u00e1ri. \u00cdsland situr \u00ed 6. s\u00e6ti \u00ed \u00feessum flokki.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A\u00f0gangur a\u00f0 traustum gjaldmi\u00f0li: Einkunnin l\u00e6kkar \u00far 9,55 \u00ed 9,42 fr\u00e1 fyrra \u00e1ri. \u00cdsland situr \u00ed 27. s\u00e6ti \u00ed \u00feessum flokki.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Frelsi til al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0avi\u00f0skipta: Einkunnin h\u00e6kkar \u00ed 8,38 \u00far 8,12. \u00cdsland situr \u00ed 18. s\u00e6ti \u00ed \u00feessum m\u00e1laflokki.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reglubyr\u00f0i: Einkunnin l\u00e6kkar \u00ed 7,12 \u00far 7,24 fr\u00e1 fyrra \u00e1ri. \u00cdsland situr \u00ed 43. s\u00e6ti \u00ed \u00feessum flokki. (Undirflokkar h\u00e9r eru: fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lamarka\u00f0ur, vinnumarka\u00f0ur og vi\u00f0skiptaumhverfi)&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ef sta\u00f0a \u00cdslands er metin og reynt a\u00f0 leggja d\u00f3m \u00e1 hvar umb\u00f3ta er \u00fe\u00f6rf, ver\u00f0ur annars vegar a\u00f0 l\u00edta til einkunna og hins vegar til al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legs samanbur\u00f0ar. L\u00e1gar einkunnir benda til mikilla takmarkana \u00e1 efnahagslegt frelsi, sem \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a er til a\u00f0 draga \u00far. Sl\u00e6m \u00fatkoma \u00ed al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legum samanbur\u00f0i \u00fear sem einkunnir eru samt ekki \u00fdkja l\u00e1gar bendir til \u00feess unnt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 gera betur.&nbsp;\u00de\u00e1 ver\u00f0ur l\u00edka a\u00f0 hafa \u00ed huga a\u00f0 um er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a samanbur\u00f0arh\u00e6f g\u00f6gn svo ekki er um allra n\u00fdjustu uppl\u00fdsingar a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a. N\u00fdjustu samanbur\u00f0arh\u00e6fu g\u00f6gnin eru fr\u00e1 \u00e1rinu 2021 og er mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00feau.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Einna br\u00fdnast vir\u00f0ist fyrir \u00cdslendinga a\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0ast \u00ed a\u00f0 minnka umsvif hins opinbera og minnka reglubyr\u00f0i. Umsvif hins opinbera eru t\u00f6luvert \u00e1hyggjuefni og hlutur opinberra a\u00f0ila \u00ed landsframlei\u00f0slunni eru mikil \u00ed al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legum samanbur\u00f0i. \u00de\u00e1 er reglubyr\u00f0i \u00e1 fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lamarka\u00f0i, vinnumarka\u00f0i og \u00ed vi\u00f0skiptaumhverfinu almennt fremur mikil. \u00cd \u00feessum tveimur flokkum er einkunn \u00cdslendinga \u00fev\u00ed l\u00e1g. \u00de\u00e1 er \u00cdsland a\u00f0eins \u00ed 18. s\u00e6ti \u00feegar kemur a\u00f0 frelsi til al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0avi\u00f0skipta, ef marka m\u00e1 ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur sk\u00fdrslunnar. H\u00e9r vega tollar og \u00f6nnur innflutningsh\u00f6ft nokku\u00f0, en einnig takmarkanir \u00e1 erlendum fj\u00e1rfestingum h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi. Landi\u00f0 er enn of loka\u00f0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Meira efnahagslegt frelsi eykur l\u00edkur \u00e1 betri l\u00edfskj\u00f6rum<\/strong>&nbsp;<br>Ranns\u00f3knir benda til a\u00f0 einstaklingar sem b\u00faa vi\u00f0 miki\u00f0 efnahagslegt frelsi, nj\u00f3ti almennt betri l\u00edfskjara, meira pers\u00f3nufrelsis og lifi lengur. H\u00e9r er um a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a m\u00e6lingar \u00e1 grundvallaratri\u00f0um sem frj\u00e1lsar og velmegandi \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir byggja samf\u00e9l\u00f6g s\u00edn \u00e1. \u00deegar liti\u00f0 er \u00e1 \u00feau l\u00f6nd sem l\u00e6gstu einkunn hlj\u00f3ta \u00ed sk\u00fdrslunni kemur \u00ed lj\u00f3s a\u00f0 \u00feau eiga sameiginlegt a\u00f0 vernd eignarr\u00e9ttar og sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0i d\u00f3mst\u00f3la er l\u00edtt e\u00f0a ekki til sta\u00f0ar. Einstaklingurinn m\u00e1 s\u00edn \u00fev\u00ed l\u00edtils og samkv\u00e6mt \u00f6llum opinberum a\u00f0gengilegum ranns\u00f3knarg\u00f6gnum er t\u00e6plega h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 tala um vels\u00e6ld \u00ed \u00feessum l\u00f6ndum.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Um Frelsisv\u00edsit\u00f6luna<\/strong>&nbsp;<br>Ranns\u00f3knin n\u00e6r sem fyrr segir til 165 lands. Mi\u00f0a\u00f0 er vi\u00f0 uppl\u00fdsingar fr\u00e1 \u00e1rinu 2021, en fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed \u00e1ri eru n\u00fdjustu samanbur\u00f0arh\u00e6fu g\u00f6gnin. \u00cd sk\u00fdrslunni eru jafnframt uppf\u00e6r\u00f0ar ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur eldri sk\u00fdrslna \u00ed tilvikum \u00fear sem g\u00f6gnin hafa veri\u00f0 tekin til endursko\u00f0unar. Sk\u00fdrslunni ber a\u00f0 taka me\u00f0 \u00feessum fyrirvara, sem fylgir einatt almennar samanbur\u00f0arranns\u00f3knum af \u00feessu tagi. Hins vegar veitir \u00feessi sk\u00fdrsla, sem er ein s\u00fa vanda\u00f0asta sinnar tegundar, g\u00f3\u00f0ar v\u00edsbendingar um efnahagslegt frelsi h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi \u00ed al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legum samanbur\u00f0i og \u00fer\u00f3un \u00feess \u00e1 undanf\u00f6rnum \u00e1ratugum.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Megin breytingar vi\u00f0 vinnslu V\u00edsit\u00f6lu atvinnufrelsis 2023<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u00ed\u00f0ustu \u00e1r hefur \u00feurft a\u00f0 breg\u00f0ast vi\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed vi\u00f0 ger\u00f0 v\u00edsit\u00f6lunnar a\u00f0 tv\u00e6r uppsprettur gagna eru ekki til sta\u00f0ar lengur. Annars vegar er \u00fear um a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a a\u00f0 Al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0abankinn h\u00e6tti skyndilega a\u00f0 gefa \u00fat <em>Doing Business<\/em> og hins vegar hefur World Economic Forum ekki gefi\u00f0 \u00fat <em>Global Competitiveness Report <\/em>undanfarin \u00ferj\u00fa \u00e1r. \u00deessar tv\u00e6r uppsprettur gagna voru nota\u00f0ar til a\u00f0 reikna \u00fe\u00e6tti e\u00f0a undir\u00fe\u00e6tti, a\u00f0 hluta e\u00f0a \u00f6llu leyti, \u00ed um 40% \u00feeirra. Fram til ger\u00f0ar n\u00faverandi sk\u00fdrslu skapa\u00f0i \u00feetta engan vanda. \u00dea\u00f0 \u00feurfti \u00fev\u00ed n\u00fa a\u00f0 leita annarra gagna sem g\u00e6tu komi\u00f0 \u00ed sta\u00f0 \u00feessa og var\u00f0 ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0an a\u00f0 vinna me\u00f0 g\u00f6gn fr\u00e1 Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) <em>Business Environment Rankings<\/em>. G\u00f6gn \u00feeirra n\u00e1 aftur til 2017 og hefur \u00fev\u00ed V\u00edsitala atvinnufrelsis veri\u00f0 endurreiknu\u00f0 aftur til \u00feess t\u00edma. Sj\u00e1 n\u00e1nar um \u00feessa a\u00f0l\u00f6gun gagna \u00ed sk\u00fdrslunni sj\u00e1lfri, kafla 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fraserinstitute.org\/studies\/economic-freedom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Sk\u00fdrsluna \u00ed heild sinni m\u00e1 n\u00e1lgast h\u00e9r \u00e1 rafr\u00e6nu formi<\/strong>.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c1rssk\u00fdrslan er unnin undir stj\u00f3rn <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fraserinstitute.org\/economic-freedom\/map?geozone=world&amp;year=2019&amp;page=map\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Fraser stofnunarinnar \u00ed Kanada<\/strong><\/a> \u00ed samstarfi sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0ra ranns\u00f3knar- og fr\u00e6\u00f0slustofnana \u00ed um \u00ed 100 l\u00f6ndum sem tengjast b\u00f6ndum \u00ed gegnum Samstarfsnet um efnahagslegt frelsi. RSE er a\u00f0ili a\u00f0 samstarfsnetinu.&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Fraser stofnunin (Fraser Institute) \u00ed Kanada hefur n\u00fa birt ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legrar samanbur\u00f0arranns\u00f3knar \u00e1 efnahagslegu frelsi \u00ed heiminum. \u00dear kemur fram a\u00f0 \u00cdsland er \u00ed 14. s\u00e6ti \u00e1 lista 165 landa sem ranns\u00f3knin n\u00e6r til, en var \u00ed 11. s\u00e6ti \u00e1ri\u00f0 2022 og 16. s\u00e6ti \u00e1ri\u00f0 2021. Sta\u00f0a \u00cdslands helgast einkum af sterkum lagalegum og p\u00f3lit\u00edskum [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1049","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-skyrslur","category-utgafur"],"blocksy_meta":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"brizy_media":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rse.is\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1049","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rse.is\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rse.is\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rse.is\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rse.is\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1049"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/rse.is\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1049\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1051,"href":"https:\/\/rse.is\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1049\/revisions\/1051"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rse.is\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1049"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rse.is\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1049"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rse.is\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1049"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}