{"id":1159,"date":"2024-06-24T14:48:07","date_gmt":"2024-06-24T14:48:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rse.is\/?p=1159"},"modified":"2024-07-04T14:50:02","modified_gmt":"2024-07-04T14:50:02","slug":"danmork-til-fyrirmyndar-um-margt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rse.is\/index.php\/2024\/06\/24\/danmork-til-fyrirmyndar-um-margt\/","title":{"rendered":"Danm\u00f6rk til fyrirmyndar \u2013 um margt"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Danska hagkerfi\u00f0 f\u00f3r \u00far \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 vera hi\u00f0 17. frj\u00e1lsasta \u00ed heimi \u00e1ri\u00f0 1985 \u00ed a\u00f0 vera hi\u00f0 7. frj\u00e1lsasta \u00e1ri\u00f0 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bandar\u00edkjam\u00f6nnum hefur or\u00f0i\u00f0 t\u00ed\u00f0r\u00e6tt um Danm\u00f6rku hin s\u00ed\u00f0ari \u00e1r. \u00d6ldungadeildar\u00feingma\u00f0urinn Bernie Sanders bendir \u00e1 landi\u00f0 sem s\u00e9rstaka fyrirmynd. Hagfr\u00e6\u00f0ingurinn Jeffrey Sachs telur, a\u00f0 d\u00e6mi Danmerkur og annarra Nor\u00f0urlanda afsanni \u00fe\u00e1 sko\u00f0un Friedrichs A. von Hayeks, a\u00f0 aukin r\u00edkisafskipti sker\u00f0i frelsi og lei\u00f0i a\u00f0 lokum til l\u00f6greglur\u00edkis. Heimspekingurinn Francis Fukuyama heldur \u00fev\u00ed \u00e1 hinn b\u00f3ginn fram, a\u00f0 \u00ed Danm\u00f6rku hafi tekist a\u00f0 efla \u00fe\u00e1 samkennd og almennu l\u00fd\u00f0menntun, sem l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0inu s\u00e9 nau\u00f0synleg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eitt frj\u00e1lsasta hagkerfi \u00ed heimi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u00deegar a\u00f0 er g\u00e1\u00f0 s\u00e9st, a\u00f0 Sanders og Sachs hafa rangt fyrir s\u00e9r. Danm\u00f6rk er s\u00ed\u00f0ur en svo draumr\u00edki s\u00f3s\u00edalista. Samkv\u00e6mt al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legum m\u00e6lingum Fraser-stofnunarinnar \u00ed Kanada \u00e1 atvinnufrelsi var danska hagkerfi\u00f0 \u00e1ri\u00f0 2021 hi\u00f0 7. frj\u00e1lsasta af 165 hagkerfum \u00ed heimi, \u00e1 eftir hagkerfum Singap\u00far, Hong Kong, Sviss, N\u00fdja-Sj\u00e1lands, Bandar\u00edkjanna og \u00cdrlands. (\u00d3frj\u00e1lsustu hagkerfin eru hins vegar \u00ed Venes\u00faela, Simbabve, S\u00fdrlandi, S\u00fadan, Jemen, \u00cdran og L\u00edb\u00edu. Hagkerfi Nor\u00f0ur-K\u00f3reu og K\u00fabu eru ekki m\u00e6ld vegna skorts \u00e1 \u00e1rei\u00f0anlegum uppl\u00fdsingum. \u00cdslenska hagkerfi\u00f0 var hi\u00f0 22. frj\u00e1lsasta \u00e1ri\u00f0 1990, hi\u00f0 7. frj\u00e1lsasta 2004 og hi\u00f0 14. frj\u00e1lsasta 2021.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fukuyama hefur hins vegar r\u00e9tt fyrir s\u00e9r. Danm\u00f6rk er um margt til fyrirmyndar. Hann bendir l\u00edka \u00e1, a\u00f0 ein sk\u00fdringin \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed s\u00e9, hversu \u00e1hrifamikill hinn merki hugsu\u00f0ur, sk\u00e1ld, f\u00e9lagsm\u00e1lafr\u00f6mu\u00f0ur, prestur og stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1lama\u00f0ur Nikolaj F. S. Grundtvig var. Hann er \u00cdslendingum a\u00f0 g\u00f3\u00f0u kunnur, \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 hann \u00fe\u00fdddi Heimskringlu<\/em> Snorra Sturlusonar \u00far \u00edslensku \u00e1 d\u00f6nsku og setti fyrstur fram \u00fe\u00e1 tilg\u00e1tu, a\u00f0 Snorri hef\u00f0i l\u00edka rita\u00f0 Egils s\u00f6gu<\/em>. Grundtvig var fylgisma\u00f0ur \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legrar frj\u00e1lshyggju, sem hann s\u00f3tti ekki s\u00edst \u00ed hinn au\u00f0uga norr\u00e6na menningararf. Eitt meginstefi\u00f0 \u00ed ritum Snorra er til d\u00e6mis munurinn \u00e1 g\u00f3\u00f0um konungum og vondum: G\u00f3\u00f0u konungarnir virtu l\u00f6g, h\u00e9ldu uppi fri\u00f0i og l\u00f6g\u00f0u \u00e1 h\u00f3flega skatta. Vondu konungarnir butu l\u00f6g, h\u00e1\u00f0u str\u00ed\u00f0 og \u00feyngdu skattbyr\u00f0ina. Snorri l\u00fdsir \u00fev\u00ed, hvernig \u00feeir voru settir af, gengju \u00feeir of langt a\u00f0 g\u00f3\u00f0ra manna yfirs\u00fdn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dej\u00f3\u00f0leg frj\u00e1lshyggja<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Jafnvel \u00e1 einveldist\u00edmanum danska fr\u00e1 1660 til 1849 virti Danakonungur \u00ed a\u00f0alatri\u00f0um meginreglur r\u00e9ttarr\u00edkisins, sem birtust \u00ed upphafi \u00ed Jyske lov<\/em>, J\u00f3talaga, fr\u00e1 1241: Me\u00f0 l\u00f6gum skal land byggja. Undir lok \u00e1tj\u00e1ndu aldar haf\u00f0i Adam Smith l\u00edka veruleg \u00e1hrif \u00ed Danm\u00f6rku, en vinir hans og l\u00e6risveinar beittu s\u00e9r fyrir \u00fev\u00ed, a\u00f0 Au\u00f0leg\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0anna<\/em> var \u00fe\u00fddd \u00e1 d\u00f6nsku fyrst erlendra m\u00e1la. Einokunarverslunin vi\u00f0 \u00cdsland og Finnm\u00f6rku var afnumin, vistarband fellt \u00far gildi, konungsjar\u00f0ir seldar og j\u00f6r\u00f0um g\u00f3sseigenda skipt upp, svo a\u00f0 d\u00f6nskum sj\u00e1lfseignarb\u00e6ndum fj\u00f6lga\u00f0i \u00far t\u00edu af hundra\u00f0i \u00ed tvo \u00feri\u00f0ju b\u00e6nda. \u00c1ri\u00f0 1797 voru tollar l\u00e6kka\u00f0ir verulega. \u00c1ri\u00f0 1848 kraf\u00f0ist danskur almenningur \u00feess s\u00ed\u00f0an, a\u00f0 einveldi\u00f0 viki. Konungur l\u00e9t undan, og 5. j\u00fan\u00ed 1849 t\u00f3k n\u00fd og frj\u00e1lsleg stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1 gildi. Grundtvig sat \u00e1 stj\u00f3rnlaga\u00feinginu, en helsta \u00e1hyggjuefni hans var, \u00feegar valdi\u00f0 f\u00e6r\u00f0ist \u00far h\u00f6ndum konungs, a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 lenti ekki \u00ed h\u00f6ndum l\u00fd\u00f0skrumara og upphlaupsmanna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00fd\u00f0urinn var\u00f0 a\u00f0 fara g\u00e6tilega me\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 vald, sem konungurinn haf\u00f0i \u00e1\u00f0ur. Grundtvig beitti s\u00e9r \u00feess vegna fyrir al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0umenntun \u00ed l\u00fd\u00f0sk\u00f3lum. Hann taldi m\u00e1lfrelsi\u00f0 einhverja helstu sto\u00f0 uppl\u00fdsts l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0is og orti fr\u00e6gt kv\u00e6\u00f0i (Nordisk mytologi) um, a\u00f0 \u00feetta frelsi v\u00e6ri norr\u00e6n hugsj\u00f3n, sem n\u00e6\u00f0i ekki s\u00ed\u00f0ur til Loka en \u00de\u00f3rs. Jafnframt var Grundtvig \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ernissinni, sem taldi Dani eiga a\u00f0 r\u00e6kta s\u00f6gulega arfleif\u00f0 s\u00edna og tungu, vakna til vitundar um sj\u00e1lfa sig sem eina \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0. En hann var fr\u00e1bitinn allri \u00e1gengni. Til d\u00e6mis lag\u00f0i hann \u00fea\u00f0 til \u00ed deilum um Sl\u00e9sv\u00edk, \u00fear sem nor\u00f0urhlutinn var d\u00f6nskum\u00e6landi og su\u00f0urhlutinn \u00fe\u00fdskum\u00e6landi, a\u00f0 h\u00e9ra\u00f0inu yr\u00f0i skipt samkv\u00e6mt vilja \u00edb\u00faanna sj\u00e1lfra. Var\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 \u00far l\u00f6ngu eftir daga hans, \u00feegar \u00edb\u00faarnir fengu a\u00f0 grei\u00f0a um \u00feetta atkv\u00e6\u00f0i. \u00cd \u00f6\u00f0ru fr\u00e6gu kv\u00e6\u00f0i (Folkeligt skal alt nu v\u00e6re) sag\u00f0i hann, a\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0 myndu\u00f0u \u00feeir, sem vildu vera \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0, tala eigi\u00f0 m\u00f3\u00f0urm\u00e1l og eiga eigi\u00f0 f\u00f6\u00f0urland.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinn danski \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arandi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Danir t\u00f6ldu sig b\u00ed\u00f0a mikinn hnekki, er \u00feeir misstu fyrst Noreg \u00ed hendur Sv\u00eda 1814 og s\u00ed\u00f0an Sl\u00e9sv\u00edk og Holtsetaland \u00ed hendur \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0verja 1864. En \u00fea\u00f0 var ekki s\u00edst fyrir \u00e1hrif Grundtvigs, sem \u00feeir sneru \u00f3sigri \u00ed sigur, virkju\u00f0u jafnt einkaframtak og samtakam\u00e1tt og ger\u00f0ust ein helsta menningar\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0 Nor\u00f0ur\u00e1lfunnar. Einkunnaror\u00f0 \u00feeirra ur\u00f0u \u00feau, sem anna\u00f0 sk\u00e1ld, Hans Peter Holst, orti: Hva\u00f0 udad tabes, skal indad vindes, \u00fati fyrir tapa\u00f0, skal inni endurskapa\u00f0. Matth\u00edas Jochumsson orti \u00ed or\u00f0asta\u00f0 i\u00f0nj\u00f6fursins C.F. Tietgens, \u00feegar hann gaf ungum \u00edslenskum athafnamanni r\u00e1\u00f0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c9g b\u00fd\u00f0 ekki \u00cdslandi \u00f6lmusun\u00e1\u00f0;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00e9g \u00e6tla a\u00f0 gefa ykkur heillar\u00e1\u00f0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e1 blessa\u00f0ist aldrei \u00ed heimi h\u00e9r,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

sem haf\u00f0i\u2019 ekki tr\u00fa \u00e1 sj\u00e1lfum s\u00e9r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dei\u00f0 eigi\u00f0 sj\u00e1lfir a\u00f0 leysa landi\u00f0,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

losa\u2019 ykkur sj\u00e1lfir vi\u00f0 okurbandi\u00f0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tietgen var einmitt einn af l\u00e6risveinum Grundtvigs og kosta\u00f0i af honum styttuna, sem stendur fyrir framan Marmarakirkjuna \u00ed mi\u00f0borg Kaupmannahafnar og \u00f3teljandi \u00cdslendingar hafa gengi\u00f0 fram hj\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hinn frj\u00e1lslyndi danski \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arandi s\u00fdnir sig ekki a\u00f0eins \u00ed or\u00f0i, heldur l\u00edka \u00ed verki, eins og nefna m\u00e1 um tv\u00f6 d\u00e6mi. Nasistar h\u00f6f\u00f0u hernumi\u00f0 Danm\u00f6rku vori\u00f0 1940, og eftir a\u00f0 danska stj\u00f3rnin haf\u00f0i \u00ed \u00e1g\u00fast 1943 lagt ni\u00f0ur v\u00f6ld \u00ed m\u00f3tm\u00e6laskyni vi\u00f0 yfirgang \u00feeirra, hug\u00f0ust \u00feeir handsama alla danska gy\u00f0inga. \u00deetta spur\u00f0ist \u00fat, og t\u00f3ku \u00fe\u00e1 Danir, h\u00e1ir og l\u00e1gir, \u00feegjandi og hlj\u00f3\u00f0alaust, saman h\u00f6ndum um a\u00f0 koma \u00fe\u00fasundum danskra gy\u00f0inga yfir Eyrarsund til Sv\u00ed\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ar. \u00deegar nasistar brunu\u00f0u \u00e1 herv\u00f6gnum s\u00ednum um Danm\u00f6rku \u00ed okt\u00f3berbyrjun 1943 \u00ed leit a\u00f0 gy\u00f0ingum, gripu \u00feeir v\u00ed\u00f0ast \u00ed t\u00f3mt. Af 7.800 d\u00f6nskum gy\u00f0ingum sluppu 7.220 yfir sundi\u00f0, en a\u00f0eins 464 gy\u00f0ingar n\u00e1\u00f0ust og voru sendir \u00ed fangab\u00fa\u00f0ir. Hitt d\u00e6mi\u00f0 \u00feekkja \u00cdslendingar. \u00de\u00f3tt Danir hef\u00f0u \u00f3l\u00edkt \u00fdmsum \u00f6\u00f0rum \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0um komist l\u00f6glega yfir \u00edslensk handrit, \u00e1kv\u00e1\u00f0u \u00feeir a\u00f0 skila \u00feeim til \u00cdslands. Bretar og Frakkar taka hins vegar ekki \u00ed m\u00e1l a\u00f0 skila til heimalandanna d\u00fdrgripum, sem \u00feeir r\u00e6ndu \u00ed Grikklandi, Egyptalandi og v\u00ed\u00f0ar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Umb\u00e6tur s\u00ed\u00f0ustu \u00e1ratuga<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Danski flokkurinn Venstre hefur einkum haldi\u00f0 minningu Grundtvigs \u00e1 lofti, og margir forsvarsmenn hans hafa veri\u00f0 eindregnir frj\u00e1lshyggjumenn \u00ed anda hans. M\u00e1 s\u00e9rstaklega nefna hinn sj\u00e1lfmennta\u00f0a b\u00f3nda Thomas Madsen-Mygdal, fors\u00e6tisr\u00e1\u00f0herra 1926-1929, og hagfr\u00e6\u00f0inginn Anders Fogh-Rasmussen, fors\u00e6tisr\u00e1\u00f0herra 2001-2009 og s\u00ed\u00f0ar framkv\u00e6mdastj\u00f3ra Atlantshafsbandalagsins. Fogh-Rasmussen birti \u00e1ri\u00f0 1993 fr\u00f3\u00f0lega b\u00f3k, Fra socialstat til minimalstat<\/em> (\u00dar f\u00e9lagshyggjur\u00edki \u00ed l\u00e1gmarksr\u00edki), \u00fear sem hann benti \u00e1 \u00fdmsar lei\u00f0ir til auka atvinnufrelsi og hags\u00e6ld \u00ed Danm\u00f6rku. Eftir a\u00f0 hann var\u00f0 fors\u00e6tisr\u00e1\u00f0herra f\u00f3r hann \u00fe\u00f3 varlegar en margir samherjar hans vildu, og var\u00f0 fr\u00e6gt \u00ed sj\u00f3nvarpskappr\u00e6\u00f0um, \u00feegar lei\u00f0togi jafna\u00f0armanna reif \u00far b\u00f3k hans margar bla\u00f0s\u00ed\u00f0ur, sem hann taldi \u00fareltar. A\u00f0 v\u00edsu t\u00f3kst Fogh-Rasmussen a\u00f0 st\u00f6\u00f0va skattah\u00e6kkanir og auka atvinnufrelsi nokku\u00f0, og \u00e1ri\u00f0 2009 voru skattar l\u00e6kka\u00f0ir talsvert \u00ed Danm\u00f6rku. Danska hagkerfi\u00f0 f\u00f3r \u00far \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 vera hi\u00f0 17. frj\u00e1lsasta \u00ed heimi \u00e1ri\u00f0 1985 \u00ed a\u00f0 vera hi\u00f0 7. frj\u00e1lsasta \u00e1ri\u00f0 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

N\u00fa er hagfr\u00e6\u00f0ingurinn Otto Br\u00f8ns-Petersen, sem a\u00f0sto\u00f0a\u00f0i Fogh-Rasmussen vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 skrifa b\u00f3kina, staddur \u00e1 \u00cdslandi og \u00e6tlar a\u00f0 tala um \u201eReforming the Welfare State: The Case of Denmark\u201c \u00feri\u00f0judaginn 25. j\u00fan\u00ed kl. 16.30 \u00ed Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0ish\u00fasinu gamla vi\u00f0 Austurv\u00f6ll (Nasa). Br\u00f8ns-Petersen var deildarstj\u00f3ri \u00ed efnahagsr\u00e1\u00f0uneytinu 1993-1999 og skrifstofustj\u00f3ri skattar\u00e1\u00f0uneytisins 1999-2013, svo a\u00f0 hann gj\u00f6r\u00feekkir innvi\u00f0i danska hagkerfisins. Hann er n\u00fa s\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0ingur og r\u00e1\u00f0gjafi ranns\u00f3knarstofnunarinnar CEPOS \u00ed Kaupmannah\u00f6fn. Hann hefur kennt vi\u00f0 Kaupmannahafnarh\u00e1sk\u00f3la og Vi\u00f0skiptah\u00e1sk\u00f3lann \u00ed Kaupmannah\u00f6fn, er h\u00f6fundur nokkurra b\u00f3ka og er f\u00e9lagi \u00ed Mont Pelerin-samt\u00f6kunum, al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0asamt\u00f6kum frj\u00e1lslyndra fr\u00e6\u00f0imanna, sem Friedrich A. von Hayek stofna\u00f0i vori\u00f0 1947. Ver\u00f0ur fr\u00f3\u00f0legt a\u00f0 heyra mat hans \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed, hva\u00f0 D\u00f6num hefur tekist \u2013 og mistekist \u2013 \u00ed fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lum og atvinnum\u00e1lum s\u00ed\u00f0ustu \u00e1ratugi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hannes H\u00f3lmsteinn Gissurarson <\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00f6fundur er pr\u00f3fessor emeritus \u00ed stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1lafr\u00e6\u00f0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Grein \u00ed Morgunbla\u00f0inu 24. j\u00fan\u00ed 2024<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Danska hagkerfi\u00f0 f\u00f3r \u00far \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 vera hi\u00f0 17. frj\u00e1lsasta \u00ed heimi \u00e1ri\u00f0 1985 \u00ed a\u00f0 vera hi\u00f0 7. frj\u00e1lsasta \u00e1ri\u00f0 2021. Bandar\u00edkjam\u00f6nnum hefur or\u00f0i\u00f0 t\u00ed\u00f0r\u00e6tt um Danm\u00f6rku hin s\u00ed\u00f0ari \u00e1r. \u00d6ldungadeildar\u00feingma\u00f0urinn Bernie Sanders bendir \u00e1 landi\u00f0 sem s\u00e9rstaka fyrirmynd. Hagfr\u00e6\u00f0ingurinn Jeffrey Sachs telur, a\u00f0 d\u00e6mi Danmerkur og annarra Nor\u00f0urlanda afsanni \u00fe\u00e1 sko\u00f0un Friedrichs A. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1159","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-umraedan","category-vidburdir"],"blocksy_meta":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"brizy_media":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rse.is\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1159","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rse.is\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rse.is\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rse.is\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rse.is\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1159"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/rse.is\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1159\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1161,"href":"https:\/\/rse.is\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1159\/revisions\/1161"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rse.is\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1159"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rse.is\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1159"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rse.is\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1159"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}