{"id":853,"date":"2022-03-29T20:41:03","date_gmt":"2022-03-29T20:41:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rse.is\/?p=853"},"modified":"2022-03-29T20:41:05","modified_gmt":"2022-03-29T20:41:05","slug":"frelsisvisitalan-2021","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rse.is\/index.php\/2022\/03\/29\/frelsisvisitalan-2021\/","title":{"rendered":"Frelsisv\u00edsitalan 2021"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cd n\u00fdrri sk\u00fdrslu Fraser Institute eru birtar ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur <strong>al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legrar samanbur\u00f0arranns\u00f3knar \u00e1 efnahagslegu frelsi \u00ed heiminum<\/strong>. \u00dear kemur fram a\u00f0 \u00cdsland er \u00ed 23. s\u00e6ti \u00e1 lista 165 lands sem ranns\u00f3knin n\u00e6r til, en var \u00ed 29. s\u00e6ti \u00e1ri\u00f0 2020. Sta\u00f0a \u00cdslands helgast einkum af sterkum lagalegum og p\u00f3lit\u00edskum innvi\u00f0um, r\u00edkri vernd eignarr\u00e9ttar og nokku\u00f0 \u00ed\u00feyngjandi regluverki \u00ed vi\u00f0skiptaumhverfi fyrirt\u00e6kja og \u00e1 vinnumarka\u00f0i s\u00e9 bori\u00f0 saman vi\u00f0 \u00f6nnur l\u00f6nd.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mest efnahagslegt frelsi r\u00edkir \u00ed Hong Kong samkv\u00e6mt sk\u00fdrslunni, \u00fear \u00e1 eftir kemur Singap\u00far, svo N\u00fdja-Sj\u00e1land og Sviss. Me\u00f0 samb\u00e6rilega einkunn \u00ed s\u00e6tum 5-9 eru svo Georgia, Bandar\u00edkin, Lith\u00e1en, \u00cdrland og \u00c1stral\u00eda, og Danm\u00f6rk er \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed 10. \u00cdslendingar sitja sem fyrr segir \u00ed 23. s\u00e6ti. Af \u00f6\u00f0rum Nor\u00f0urlanda\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0um eru Finnar \u00ed 21. s\u00e6ti, en Sv\u00edar og Nor\u00f0menn deila \u00fev\u00ed 37. s\u00e6tinu.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00deegar liti\u00f0 er til st\u00e6rstu hagkerfanna eru helstu ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur: Japan \u00ed 18. s\u00e6ti, \u00de\u00fdskaland er \u00ed 22. s\u00e6ti, \u00cdtal\u00eda \u00ed 47. s\u00e6ti, Frakkland \u00ed 53. s\u00e6ti, Mex\u00edk\u00f3 \u00ed 75. S\u00e6ti, R\u00fassland \u00ed 100. s\u00e6ti, Indland \u00ed 108. s\u00e6ti, Brasil\u00eda \u00ed 109. s\u00e6ti og K\u00edna \u00ed 116. s\u00e6ti,. Botn listans verma svo L\u00edb\u00eda, S\u00fadan og Venez\u00faela.&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;<br><strong>Hornsteinar efnahagslegs frelsis<\/strong>&nbsp;<br>Hornsteinar efnahagslegs frelsis eru samkv\u00e6mt sk\u00fdrslunni valfrelsi einstaklinga, vi\u00f0skiptafrelsi, samkeppnisfrelsi, sterkir lagalegir innvi\u00f0ir, a\u00f0gangur a\u00f0 traustum gjaldmi\u00f0li og vernd eignarr\u00e9ttar. V\u00edsitala atvinnufrelsis (index of economic freedom) r\u00e6\u00f0st af fimm meginsvidum:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Umfangi opinbers reksturs, skatta og fyrirt\u00e6kja.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"2\"><li>Lagalegu umhverfi og fri\u00f0helgi eignarr\u00e9ttar.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"3\"><li>A\u00f0gangi a\u00f0 traustum peningum.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"4\"><li>Frelsi til al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legra vi\u00f0skipta.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"5\"><li>Reglubyr\u00f0i \u00e1 fj\u00e1rmagns- og vinnumarka\u00f0i og um fyrirt\u00e6ki.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Innan \u00feessara fimm meginsvi\u00f0a eru s\u00ed\u00f0an 26 \u00fe\u00e6ttir, en sumir \u00feeirra eru s\u00ed\u00f0an a\u00f0greindir \u00ed enn frekari undir\u00fe\u00e6tti. \u00cd heildina er v\u00edsitalan \u00fev\u00ed sett saman \u00far 44 a\u00f0greindum breytum, og hvert svi\u00f0, \u00fe\u00e1ttur og undir\u00fe\u00e1ttur eru s\u00ed\u00f0an m\u00e6lt \u00e1 kvar\u00f0a 0 til 10 sem hv\u00edlir \u00e1 dreifingu undirliggjandi gagna. S\u00ed\u00f0an eru undir\u00fe\u00e6ttirnir vegnir i me\u00f0alt\u00f6l, og sl\u00edkt hi\u00f0 sama gildir um \u00fe\u00e6ttina og a\u00f0 lokum um hin fimm meginsvi\u00f0, og til ver\u00f0ur gildi fyrir hvert land. L\u00f6ndum er s\u00ed\u00f0an ra\u00f0a\u00f0 eftir \u00fev\u00ed \u00ed hva\u00f0a m\u00e6li \u00feau fylgja stefnu sem lei\u00f0ir til efnahagslegs frelsis.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Einkunnir \u00cdslands \u00ed lykilflokkum eru eftirfarandi: (\u00e1 skalanum 1-10 \u00fear sem h\u00e6rri tala bendir til meira efnahagslegs frelsis.)&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Umfang hins opinbera: Einkunnin l\u00e6kkar \u00ed 6,12 \u00far 6,21 fr\u00e1 fyrra \u00e1ri. \u00cdsland er \u00ed 116. s\u00e6ti \u00ed \u00feessum flokki.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Lagaumhverfi og vernd eignarr\u00e9ttar: Einkunnin er 8,45, \u00f3breytt fr\u00e1 fyrra \u00e1ri. \u00cdsland situr \u00ed 6. s\u00e6ti \u00ed \u00feessum flokki.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>A\u00f0gangur a\u00f0 traustum gjaldmi\u00f0li: Einkunnin h\u00e6kkar \u00far 9,55 \u00ed 9,37 fr\u00e1 fyrra \u00e1ri. \u00cdsland situr \u00ed 31. s\u00e6ti \u00ed \u00feessum flokki.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Frelsi til al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0avi\u00f0skipta: Einkunnin h\u00e6kkar \u00ed 7,73 \u00far 7,48. \u00cdsland situr \u00ed 70. s\u00e6ti \u00ed \u00feessum m\u00e1laflokki.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Reglubyr\u00f0i: Einkunnin l\u00e6kkar \u00ed 7,66 \u00far 7,67 fr\u00e1 fyrra \u00e1ri. \u00cdsland situr \u00ed 52. s\u00e6ti \u00ed \u00feessum flokki. (Undirflokkar: fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lamarka\u00f0ur, vinnumarka\u00f0ur og vi\u00f0skiptaumhverfi)&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00deegar sta\u00f0a \u00cdslands er metin og reynt a\u00f0 leggja d\u00f3m \u00e1 hvar umb\u00f3ta er \u00fe\u00f6rf, ver\u00f0ur annars vegar a\u00f0 l\u00edta til einkunna og hins vegar til al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legs samanbur\u00f0ar. L\u00e1gar einkunnir benda til mikilla takmarkana \u00e1 efnahagslegt frelsi, sem \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a er til a\u00f0 draga \u00far. Sl\u00e6m \u00fatkoma \u00ed al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legum samanbur\u00f0i \u00fear sem einkunnir eru samt ekki \u00fdkja l\u00e1gar bendir til \u00feess unnt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 gera betur.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00de\u00e1 ver\u00f0ur l\u00edka a\u00f0 hafa \u00ed huga a\u00f0 um er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a samanbur\u00f0arh\u00e6f g\u00f6gn svo ekki er um allra n\u00fdjustu uppl\u00fdsingar a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a. N\u00fdjustu samanbur\u00f0arh\u00e6fu g\u00f6gnin eru fr\u00e1 \u00e1rinu 2019 og er mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00feau.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00dea\u00f0 er einna br\u00fdnast fyrir \u00cdslendinga a\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0ast \u00ed umb\u00e6tur \u00e1 svi\u00f0i al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0avi\u00f0skipta ef marka m\u00e1 ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur sk\u00fdrslunnar. H\u00e9r vega tollar, v\u00f6rugj\u00f6ld og \u00f6nnur innflutningsh\u00f6ft nokku\u00f0, en einnig takmarkanir \u00e1 erlendum fj\u00e1rfestingum h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi. Lei\u00f0ir til a\u00f0 efla utanr\u00edkisvi\u00f0skipti sem hlutfall af landsframlei\u00f0slu myndu ennfremur b\u00e6ta st\u00f6\u00f0u \u00cdslands \u00ed al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legum samanbur\u00f0i, en \u00fea\u00f0 sem meira er um vert, b\u00e6ta hag landsmanna. Landi\u00f0 er enn of loka\u00f0. Umsvif hins opinbera eru t\u00f6luvert \u00e1hyggjuefni og hlutur opinberra a\u00f0ila \u00ed landsframlei\u00f0slunni. \u00cd \u00feessum tveimur flokkum er einkunn \u00cdslendinga l\u00e1g. Eins og \u00e1\u00f0ur er geti\u00f0 eru standa \u00cdslendingar illa \u00ed al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legum samanbur\u00f0i a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed er snertir a\u00f0gang a\u00f0 traustum gjaldmi\u00f0li. Enda \u00fe\u00f3tt a\u00f0 einkunnin s\u00e9 ekki l\u00e1g, er svigr\u00fam til umb\u00f3ta. L\u00edklegt ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 teljast a\u00f0 sta\u00f0an hafi nokku\u00f0 versna\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00feessu leyti \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0ustu tveimur \u00e1rum, eins og \u00e1\u00f0ur er nefnt.&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;<br><strong>Meira efnahagslegt frelsi eykur l\u00edkur \u00e1 betri l\u00edfskj\u00f6rum<\/strong>&nbsp;<br>Ranns\u00f3knir benda til a\u00f0 einstaklingar sem b\u00faa vi\u00f0 miki\u00f0 efnahagslegt frelsi, nj\u00f3ti almennt betri l\u00edfskjara, meira pers\u00f3nufrelsis og lifi lengur. H\u00e9r er um a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a m\u00e6lingar \u00e1 grundvallaratri\u00f0um sem frj\u00e1lsar og velmegandi \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir byggja samf\u00e9l\u00f6g s\u00edn \u00e1. \u00deegar liti\u00f0 er \u00e1 \u00feau l\u00f6nd sem versta einkunn hlj\u00f3ta \u00ed sk\u00fdrslunni kemur \u00ed lj\u00f3s a\u00f0 \u00feau eiga sameiginlegt a\u00f0 vernd eignarr\u00e9ttar og sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0i d\u00f3mst\u00f3la er l\u00edtt e\u00f0a ekki til sta\u00f0ar. Einstaklingurinn m\u00e1 s\u00edn \u00fev\u00ed l\u00edtils og samkv\u00e6mt \u00f6llum opinberum a\u00f0gengilegum ranns\u00f3knarg\u00f6gnum er t\u00e6plega h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 tala um vels\u00e6ld \u00ed \u00feessum l\u00f6ndum.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Um Frelsisv\u00edsit\u00f6luna<\/strong>&nbsp;<br>Sem fyrr greinir n\u00e6r ranns\u00f3knin til 165 lands. Mi\u00f0a\u00f0 er vi\u00f0 uppl\u00fdsingar fr\u00e1 \u00e1rinu 2019, en fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed \u00e1ri eru n\u00fdjustu samanbur\u00f0arh\u00e6fu g\u00f6gnin. \u00cd sk\u00fdrslunni eru jafnframt uppf\u00e6r\u00f0ar ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur eldri sk\u00fdrslna \u00ed tilvikum \u00fear sem g\u00f6gnin hafa veri\u00f0 tekin til endursko\u00f0unar. Sk\u00fdrslunni ber a\u00f0 taka me\u00f0 \u00feessum fyrirvara, sem fylgir einatt almennar samanbur\u00f0arranns\u00f3knum af \u00feessu tagi. Hins vegar veitir \u00feessi sk\u00fdrsla, sem er ein s\u00fa vanda\u00f0asta sinnar tegundar, g\u00f3\u00f0ar v\u00edsbendingar um efnahagslegt frelsi h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi \u00ed al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legum samanbur\u00f0i og \u00fer\u00f3un \u00feess \u00e1 undanf\u00f6rnum \u00e1ratugum.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sk\u00fdrsluna \u00ed heild sinni m\u00e1 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fraserinstitute.org\/sites\/default\/files\/human-freedom-index-2021.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">n\u00e1lgast h\u00e9r \u00e1 rafr\u00e6nu formi<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c1rssk\u00fdrslan er unnin undir stj\u00f3rn <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fraserinstitute.org\/economic-freedom\/map?geozone=world&amp;year=2019&amp;page=map\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Fraser stofnunarinnar \u00ed Kanada<\/a> \u00ed samstarfi sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0ra ranns\u00f3knar- og fr\u00e6\u00f0slustofnana \u00ed um \u00ed 100 l\u00f6ndum sem tengjast b\u00f6ndum \u00ed gegnum Samstarfsnet um efnahagslegt frelsi. RSE er a\u00f0ili a\u00f0 samstarfsnetinu.&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cd n\u00fdrri sk\u00fdrslu Fraser Institute eru birtar ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legrar samanbur\u00f0arranns\u00f3knar \u00e1 efnahagslegu frelsi \u00ed heiminum. \u00dear kemur fram a\u00f0 \u00cdsland er \u00ed 23. s\u00e6ti \u00e1 lista 165 lands sem ranns\u00f3knin n\u00e6r til, en var \u00ed 29. s\u00e6ti \u00e1ri\u00f0 2020. Sta\u00f0a \u00cdslands helgast einkum af sterkum lagalegum og p\u00f3lit\u00edskum innvi\u00f0um, r\u00edkri vernd eignarr\u00e9ttar og nokku\u00f0 \u00ed\u00feyngjandi [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,7],"tags":[12],"class_list":["post-853","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-skyrslur","category-utgafur","tag-efnahagsmal"],"aioseo_notices":[],"brizy_media":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rse.is\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/853","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rse.is\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rse.is\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rse.is\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rse.is\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=853"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/rse.is\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/853\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":855,"href":"https:\/\/rse.is\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/853\/revisions\/855"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rse.is\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=853"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rse.is\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=853"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rse.is\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=853"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}